Benthic community and food web structure on the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay (North Eastern Atlantic) revealed by stable isotopes analysis

The North Bay of Biscay continental shelf is a major French demersal fishery, but little was known on the trophic food web of its benthic communities. In order to determine the benthic trophic web, the objectives of this study are to describe the macro- and megafaunal benthic community structure (species richness, abundance and biomass) and to establish the trophic pathways (food sources and trophic levels) by applying carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analysis to the main benthic and demersal species (invertebrates and fish). Two distinct benthic communities have been identified: a muddy sand community within the central part of the bay, and an outer Bay of Biscay Ditrupa sand community of higher species richness, abundance and biomass than the muddy sand community. Deposit-feeders, suspension feeders and predators, distributed in three main trophic levels, dominate both communities. Large differences in stable carbon ratio values within the primary consumers provide evidence of two different food sources: i) a pelagic food source made up of recent sedimenting particulate organic matter on which zooplankton and suprabenthos feed and ii) a benthic detrital food source supplying deposit feeders and partly benthic suspension feeders. Differences in isotopic signatures were also observed within the upper trophic levels that allowed estimation of the contribution of each food source component to the diet of the upper consumers. Finally, the use of stable isotopic composition together with the species' feeding strategy allow identification of the main differences between the trophic functioning of the two benthic communities and highlight the importance of the role of detrital pathways in the carbon cycling within the continental shelf benthic trophic web.     

斜拉索主梁锚固合理构造设计

宜宾南溪(仙源)长江大桥是国家规划的长江干线新建过江通道重点项目.主桥采用五跨280 m+572 m+(72.5+63+53.5)m双塔双索面非对称混合梁斜拉桥.针对斜拉索在组合梁上的锚固,选用锚拉板结构.主要介绍锚拉板结构的合理构造、计算分析和关键施工要点等关键技术.     

超深塑排技术在软土地基加固工程中的应用

在洋山深水港软土地基加固中应用了超深塑排技术。介绍了该工程的概况和地质资料。阐述了设计技术要求。然后详细介绍了塑料排水板的主要工艺流程和施工方法,阐述了安全控制和质量控制的方法,对今后大面积的超深塑排施工有一定的借鉴意义。     

船用钢板移动电磁感应加热温度及变形特性

采用带间隙双回路反向电流(ODIG)感应器作为热源,基于ANSYS多物理场耦合数值模拟方法,结合感应器及周围空气动态移动方法,建立移动式电磁-热交互耦合数值模拟模型。将获得的瞬态温度作为载荷,进行热-弹塑性数值分析,研究船用钢板移动电磁感应加热温度分布和变形分布。分析不同工艺参数(感应器与钢板间隙g、钢板厚度H、电流频率F、电流峰值I_(peak)和移动速度v)对热成形(最高温度T_(um)、宽度b和厚度h)和变形(横向收缩δ_z和横向角变形θ_z)特性的影响。结果表明:温度云图为带预热的双椭圆外形;影响热成形特性的主要因素为I_(peak)、v和g;影响变形最主要的因素是I_(peak)和H。     

基于统计能量法的船舶板架结构简化建模方法研究

统计能量法是解决复杂结构高频动力学问题的主要方法之一,限于其分析特性,过于细致化的建模会引发其计算量大、计算精度低等问题。针对典型的船体板架结构,提出基于统计能量法的船体板架结构简化建模方法,并结合数值计算加以验证。根据实际需求,提出简化建模的等效原则,给出多平板的简化建模方法;通过研究给出周期加筋板的简化建模方法;提出一种双层底结构的简化建模方法,并进行误差分析。     

强腐作用下钢板组合梁栓钉退化机理的研究与有限元分析

用浓度为36％的工业盐酸对30根钢板组合梁栓钉进行腐蚀,腐蚀时间分别为0h、0.5h、1h、2h、4h、8h、12h、24 h、48 h和72 h,对腐蚀后栓钉进行拉伸试验,研究强腐蚀对栓钉力学性能的影响,分析不同腐蚀时间的栓钉各项力学性能的退化规律.试验结果表明:强腐蚀对栓钉的各项力学性能有着显著影响;腐蚀时间为0h...     

排水粉喷桩软基加固技术应用研究

排水粉喷桩复合地基法是一种新型的软基加固方法,该法利用粉喷桩施工时产生的侧向压力和竖向排水通道,加速土体中孔隙水的排出,以达到快速加固软土地基的目的。结合工程实际,运用Plaxis有限元软件对工法进行了数值模拟研究,发现排水粉喷桩复合地基法的沉降主要发生在排水固结区,且呈向下和向外逐渐减小的趋势,粉喷桩桩土应力比在1.8左右,孔隙水压力呈先增长后逐渐消散的过程。     

先张法预应力钢绞线混凝土空心板梁的运用及问题建议

以乌鲁木齐市外环路东北段高架工程先张法预应力钢绞线混凝土空心板梁结构为工程实例,就"单板受力"的病害特征、原因及防治进行了探讨。     

塑料排水板联合堆载预压法处理软土路堤浅析

结合塑料排水板加固软土路堤的工程实例,对比分析了排水板间距、堆载预压时间及堆载预压荷载对软土固结度、残余沉降的影响。总结出在工期允许的情况下,适当增加排水板间距并延长堆载时间,可有效减少工程造价并达到与较小排水板间距时相近的处理效果。在工期紧张的情况下,可通过减小排水板间距并结合超载预压,加快施工期沉降速率,满足残余沉降要求。     

悬索桥钢箱梁桥面正交异性板局部承压试验与理论分析

正交异性板局部承载力对钢箱梁结构非常关键,我国桥梁设计规范也没有相关规定。以广州珠江黄埔大桥悬索桥钢箱梁局部承压试验为例,介绍了钢箱梁桥面正交异性板局部承压试验的内容、方法和实际加载方案等,通过对实测结果与理论计算值进行对比研究,进而对正交异性板承载力计算理论进行分析。